• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an air-dried, unfired, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant marl and / or clay and / or loam containing one or more hydrophobic substances. After mechanical, chemical or biological activation, the comminuted starting material is mixed with and mixed with hydrophobic substances, in particular oils, particularly preferably sunflower oil or thistle oil, fats, waxes, mineral oils, paraffins or oil shale. The molding composition may also contain fillers, leaning agents and hydraulic binders.
    公开号:AT512883A1
    申请号:T467/2012
    申请日:2012-04-18
    公开日:2013-11-15
    发明作者:Hubert Edmund Kern
    申请人:Hubert Edmund Kern；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    «· · · ·« «* * · ♦ • · · · • **« *: aSMK.p.42012
    Dried, unfired, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant, economical, ecological marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof
    The invention relates to specific, preferably without chemical additives ecologically and economically prepared, dried, unfired, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof. The treatment can be done both manually and mechanically. The ecologically and economically specifically prepared, dried, unburned, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or the mixed forms thereof various organic and inorganic additives can be added. This / these can / can be supplied to various further processing and / or applications, especially those applications and / or further processing in which marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof currently preferably in fired form and / or unfired dried, but not in water- and / or frost-resistant form, find use.
    Since time immemorial, marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof, especially in fired and / or unfired form, have been used inter alia as a building material and as a raw material for the production of commodities.
    From the archaeological findings known to the inventor and applicant, and from the historical and current records known to the inventor, it is not apparent that unhardened, air-dried marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or hybrids thereof in processed, unfired, air-dried, diffusible, water-resistant and / or frost-resistant form have been created and used.
    POSSIBLE ♦ · »♦ ·» 2 SS1K.PJ2 012
    The substances marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof were and still are subject to a great variety of demands. Marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof meet the ecological, economic and building biology requirements. They can be recovered and used in an environmentally friendly manner, they are easily and inexpensively reusable and they also ensure human well-being.
    Energy costs are steadily increasing worldwide and energy security has generally become an important factor. This applies in particular to the industry and here in turn to the building materials industry or brick industry. The clay building materials used today are for the most part industrially fired, with the firing temperature of about 900 ° C to 1100 ° C and the burning time of 6-36 hours. In addition to the ever increasing energy costs and energy security problems, the environmental impact of burning and the related Co2 emissions costs have already become a major factor.
    For these reasons, especially the brick industry worldwide is looking for the ideal clay building material, which can be used without burning, ie air-dried, in addition to the fired brick or as a replacement for the fired brick.
    The published in the following text of two experiments, on which the inventor encountered in his research to verify the novelty of his invention, also proves this long-standing until today ongoing search for the ideal clay building material that can be used without burning.
    While attempts have been made time and again to develop a moisture-resistant clay building material, all these attempts have been successful despite the use of uneconomical and non-organic materials, e.g. Cement and bitumen - so far unsuccessful.
    FOLLOWED 3 3 • Φ ν Φ φ • «Φ Φ • Φ Φ • Φ Φ Φ • Φ Φ. : 'Wk 042012 # «···· φ φφφφ φ ♦ ♦ φ φ # φ« φφ · φ «
    The report (Cordis, Technology Marketplace: Results - http://cordis.emea.europa.eu/fetch ) About the project: Method to in-crease the water resistance of unburned clay building products (Record Control Number: 26729 Update Date: 2007-08-28) indicates an increase in water resistance. The report also points to the fact that many years of experimentation have not led to any real water and / or frost resistance.
    Excerpt: "In this project it was found that adding water to the product increases its water resistance. Water resistance could be improved with many additives (cement, bitumen etc.), But ... The use of oiled stabilized oil in roof tiles is limited to arid climate because the composite gets soft when soaked in water.
    This is also clear from the cited publication of an attempt by the International Brick and Tile Industry. to which the inventor encountered in his research to verify the novelty of his invention.
    This trial is reported in Brick and Tile Industry International " Brick and Tile Industry International " to find. It is titled "Measures to reduce the influence of moisture on swelling and shrinking processes as well as strength losses in the case of industrially produced mud bricks." ISSN: 0341-0552, Jg.: 63, No. 6,2010, pages 44-46
    Excerpt from this report: Due to the policy objective of minimizing the use of fossil fuels, as well as the economic pressure exerted by ever-increasing fuel prices on the European brick industry, the production of unfired clay bricks seems to be a useful supplement to brick production. After all, this makes it possible to avoid the running at about 1000 ° C combustion process, which is required for brick firing.
    FOLLOW-UP 4:,: ** BEK Ö42012 ··· »· · · ··· * · · · · * * * * * * *
    The result of the research shows that the long-term behavior and the water resistance of the clay bricks on sample walls was investigated, whereby the clay modifications with cement, arcronal, linseed oil varnish and bitumen emulsion are dimensionally stable. Cement-modified clay bricks completely drench, but remain free of cracks. They are known as dimensionally stable, but not as water resistant. The tests for moisture absorption were each carried out at a temperature of 20 ° C and at a relative humidity of 90%. It is striking, it is said in the treatise, that the most water-resistant clay bricks, one speaks of water-resistant clay bricks, not of water-resistant clay bricks, have the lowest percentage of pores less than 0, lpm.
    In the IZF trial, which was unable to establish permanent water resistance, there are substances such as arconal (solid), quicklime (lignite), cement and bituminous emulsion - substances which are problematic in terms of environmental friendliness and energy use in their recovery and recyclability and from the point of view of the desired cost minimization can not be considered very suitable - for the application.
    Also, in the case of the experimental example of the IZF, it is only a moistening, no watering for hours or days and no subsequent dry-freezing of the hydro-phobic molded clay body at -20 ° C. for days, as carried out and described by the inventor and applicant of this patent application examples.
    The IZF experiment described above, according to the inventor and applicant, is the reproduction of the already known patent specification "METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION BODIES", patent specification: 396441, PATENTED IN THE GERMAN EMPIRE OF 3 AUGUST 1922. Imitation of this patented process could, despite the use of cement and bitumen and
    POSSIBLE 5 • • • • • • • • • * * * ♦
    'BK b42012 other chemical substances, no water resistance and no frost resistance can be achieved.
    The effect of water on untreated, unfired, dried marl and / or clay and / or clay bodies and / or bodies from their mixed forms for rapid softening and rapid disintegration.
    Marl and / or clay and / or clay body and / or body of their mixed forms owe their binding power exclusively their content of clay.
    Because of their content of clay and the mixing water needed to achieve the binding power, they have, in particular, three disadvantages, namely a high sensitivity to moisture and frost, a high heat transfer coefficient and, above all, a considerable dry shrinkage of 2% to 5% depending on the processing.
    Moisture and frost sensitivity and shrinkage result in a reduction in the strength of the body, mainly due to the formation of cracks. A high heat transfer coefficient is to be avoided for environmental reasons - high heating energy requirement. The disadvantages mentioned, the sensitivity to moisture and frost and the high heat transfer coefficient are generally the more noticeable, the more clay these bodies contain. Although the high clay content increases the binding power, but causes in the course of drying an increased cracking.
    The experiments of the inventor and applicant have shown that in unburned, dried, non-hydrophobic specimens of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, upon introduction and / or storage of the untreated specimen in a / a water bath, already After 5 to 7 minutes a visible particle detachment starts in this untreated body. After 15 minutes is already a stronger resolution
    FOLLOW-UP 6: " s: **: I.;. 012 i φ * t t «· Φ I ·» · ψ · · ·! · * * Of the watered specimen. After 60 minutes, already 1/3 of the watered test specimen, after 120 minutes already 1/2 of the watered specimen softened and detached. After 180 minutes, the watered specimen is already completely softened and collapsed.
    The inventor and applicant had the task of using materials such as marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms using ecological and economical, organic and / or inorganic substances that allow easy, even building biology use and recycling to prepare it so that dried, unfired, hydrophobic, diffusible, diffusible bodies of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, even after days of washing (storage in water), water resistance, and, even after the immediate to the day-long washing followed by days of wet freezing and / or dry freezing, even frost resistance.
    As the research of the inventor and applicant has revealed, this task is a task that has not yet been solved.
    The inventor and applicant also had to focus his attention, besides achieving water and frost resistance while maintaining the diffusibility, on the solution of the problems of binding force reduction, the increased cracking and the increase of the heat transfer coefficient.
    The inventor and applicant have managed to accomplish all these tasks and master the hitherto prevailing problems.
    In the course of his experiments, he developed his special experiential treatments. One of his special treatments is to have only one environmentally friendly
    REQUIRED 7: Sek: .042O12 * · · · * λ to use well-priced crushed marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof to burn, to equip economically and ecologically with water and frost resistance. The inventor and applicant documents this preparation according to the invention in the following with reference to its application examples and exemplary embodiments.
    The ecological and economic, dried, unfired, diffusible, water and frost resistant fiction materials and / or specimens of marl and / or loam and / or clay and / or their mixed forms created by the inventor and applicant have, even after repeated hours, also several days Incubation and storage in a water bath and after repeated immediately following hours-long and / or multi-day wet and / or dry freezing at -20 ° C, no adverse effect (s) on. The water bath, after removal of the various hydrophobicized materials and / or test specimens according to the invention, has no turbidity. The inventively hydrophobicized and reduced shrinkage materials and / or specimens undergo no change, no softening, and no softening of the surface. There is no particle detachment from the surface and also no impairment (s) of erfindungsmäßig variously composed materials and / or specimens. These are as dimensionally stable as they are in their respective dry states prior to and between the specific watering (s), despite the different composition (s) of the particular specific watering (s) and / or the particular specific freezing (s). and / or the specific dry-hardening (s) and / or the specific wet-creaming (s).
    The inventively and applicant inventively methodically prepared, dried, unfired, hydrophobic, water and frost resistant materials and / or specimens of marl
    FOLLOW-UP 8 8 • «*» * * * «*« * · t * ·· * ί & κ: 0: 42012 • »* * • · Μ * and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed forms, in contrast to the materials and / or specimens described in the cited (foreign) method, (as well as in the above-described attempt of the IZF, which is the tracing of the already known patent "PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION BODIES". is) in addition to the water resistance, the frost resistance and the dimensional stability of the corresponding specific erfindungsmäßig desired diffusivity and specific inventive moderately desired heat transfer coefficient and the necessary inventive Baukörpertragfähigkeit.
    The preparation for dried, unburned, diffusible, water and frost-resistant marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or various mixed forms thereof is carried out, after the inventive treatment of the inventor and applicant, by the introduction of hydrophobic substances selected from a Number of available hydrophobizing substances and / or by incorporation of leaning and / or fillers selected from a number of available leaning and / or fillers, and / or by the introduction of hydraulic binders selected from a number of hydraulic binders and / or Water glass and / or non-incorporation, the elimination of the introduction of hydraulic binders and / or water glass and / or the introduction of organic additives such as silica and / or soda and / or by the non-incorporation, the abandonment of the introduction of organic additives such Silica and / or soda.
    The preferred preparation according to the invention for dried, unburned, diffusible, water- and frost-resistant marl and / or loam and / or clay and / or their mixed forms is carried out according to the method of the inventor and applicant, preferably with the exclusion of chemical substances and / or hydraulic binders incorporating preferably several, and / or incorporating preferably only one hydrophobic
    FOLLOW-UP 9 • *** ι KEK: 042012 preferably shrinkage-reducing substance. The inventive introduction of the ecological and economical, preferably hydrophobic and shrinkage reducing substances such as, preferably sunflower oil and / or thistle oil in marl and / or loam and / or clay and / or in mixed forms thereof, has proven to be particularly advantageous. These hydrophobic natural products are environmentally friendly, biodegradable, inexpensive and readily available.
    The erfindungsmäßige processing method of the inventor and applicant allows the use of a variety of substances and / or substances. However, the inventor and applicant preferably uses ecological and / or economical substances and / or substances. Thus, in the preparation of the inventor and applicant also preferably ecological and economic fillers and leaning materials, such as wood and / or reeds and / or fibers, preferably animal and / or vegetable fibers and / or hair, particularly preferably hemp fibers, and / or sand and / or the materials used in brick production and brick recycling, such as broken bricks and / or brick dust and / or brick dust. Application.
    It is the responsibility of the individual preparer to choose the specific type (s) and / or the selection of the specific combination (s) of aggregate (s) and / or product, taking into account the specific product property (s) of the invention / of the filler (s), and / or the selection of the preferred specific hydrophobic substance (s) and / or the selection of that specific additional substance which in accordance with the invention in the respective site-specific marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or their mixed forms is / are introduced.
    It should be noted that, for example, the starting material for a dried, unburned, water-resistant and frost-resistant solid body designed as an unfired, dried, carrying mud brick, according to the invention, is
    POSSIBLE 10 · ** ΗΕΚ t) 42012 • · · · · · · · »att ·» · · · · · ··········································· Applicant * produced * should have a clay content of preferably at least 10 percent by weight.
    The inventively elaborated in the processing examples by the inventor and applicant amounts represent a preferred exemplary guideline, which should preferably not be fallen below. However, the directive allows for specific individual modifications, preferably the modification of the filler combination and / or the modification of the filler amount and / or the modification of the leaning agent combination and / or the modification of the amount of leaning agent. An exact, for the various site-specific marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or site-specific hybrids, universal recipe is not possible by the site-specific different material composition (s). However, the listed recipes form a suitable basis for the respective Nachvollzug. Decisive for the invention best possible dried unfired water and frost-resistant preparation is especially the clay content of the respective site-specific starting material.
    The specific type (s) of fillers and / or leaning materials introduced according to the invention and / or the quantitative component (s) according to the invention have an effect on the weight and on the heat transfer coefficients of the processed materials and / or test specimens. This plays a significant role in terms of weight reduction (transport costs) and / or easier processability (labor costs) and / or increased insulation effect (heating costs) and also has a positive effect on the overall energy balance.
    Furthermore, the processing facilitation and the increase in thermal insulation is mainly due to the preferred introduction of preferred organic fillers and / or leaning materials such as animal and / or vegetable fibers and hair, and / or straw
    FOLLOWED 11 # E% M2012
    ♦ ♦ ♦ I ·· < and / or reed and / or inorganic fillers and / or leaning materials preferably pumice and / or expanded clay to emphasize, the inventor and applicant for several reasons, instead of straw preferably used reeds. One of the reasons is that reed is a plant growing on and / or in the water, and that is why reed is also particularly resistant to rotting and mold fungus growth (also in combination with clay and moisture).
    As already mentioned, a high clay content is advantageous for reasons of binding power. The preferred special specific comminution, especially the preferred pulverization of the preferably dry and / or slightly humid site-specific mineral gel and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed form, is the preferred embodiment according to the invention and plays an important function in the treatment.
    This preferred embodiment of the specific comminution, preferably the pulverization, subsequently enables the comprehensive specific hydrophobing according to the invention, preferably the comprehensive specific oiling of the preferably pulverized site-specific matrix and / or the original starting material marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed form and thus forms the necessary basis for the successful further inventive specific treatment of the mass to give unbaked dried water-resistant and frost-resistant intermediate and / or end products.
    The preferred embodiment of the hydrophobing is carried out according to the invention preferably by introducing one and / or more hydrophobic substances / substances, from the plurality of organic and / or inorganic hydrophobic substances / substances present, preferably the lipids, preferably the oils, more preferably the vegetable oils Sunflower oil and / or thistle oil, preferably finely atomized, preferably with careful mixing and / or stirring. After this
    FOLLOW-UP 12: V:: iF: .2 oi2 • * · · «· * ·· f» · «·« ♦ · · ♦ *
    Mixing and / or stirring, the specific hydrophobed composition is preferably fed to the notch.
    The comprehensive erfindungsmäßig specific hydrophobing of the site-specific starting material does not affect the subsequent preferred preferred embodiment according erfindungsmäßige preferred specific washing. This preferred specific watering, this preferably finely atomized introduction of the water, makes it possible to obtain a moldable adhesive mass.
    The specific introduction of water is preferably carried out with careful mixing and / or stirring. After mixing and / or stirring, the hydrophobized and homogenized mass is preferably fed to the notch.
    After latching, the inventively preferred pre-hydrophobized leaning agent (s) and / or filler (s) is / are introduced into the preferably already raked mass. This preferred erfindungsmäßige embodiment of the introduction is again preferably under constant thorough mixing and / or stirring.
    The preferably fine "loam and / or clay film", which is formed by the introduction of water and which preferably encases already rendered hydrophobed leaning materials and / or fillers after mixing and / or stirring, sticks the incorporated leaning materials and / or fillers together. It comes to the formation of lumps and the mass is, after completion of the constricting and / or the Verrührungsprozesses, preferably supplied to a new detents.
    The clay / tone film " conditions after drying out the cohesion and the strength of the hydrophobized water- and frost-resistant total mass and / or the body and / or molded body with. It should be noted that, in the preferred embodiment according to the invention, the individual preferably already hydrophobized clay- and / or clay-coated particles, as well as the preferred
    FROZEN 13: ::: ^. 5.42012 * »* * * * * · * * * f * ►·· * introduced fibers of the preferred leaning and / or fillers, particularly preferably, are brought into the closest possible contact , This close contact is preferably brought about, on the one hand by the careful mixing and / or mixing, and / or on the other hand by the intensive compaction of this mass, which has already been prepared to such an extent, after the renewed notching.
    The preferably intensive compaction is another essential process, which preferably takes place by hand and / or by machine, by preferably intensive, pressure-forcing kneading and / or kneading and / or compressing and / or pressing and / or pressing.
    These particles, which support each other even without introduction of leaning materials and / or fillers, form a strong load-bearing scaffold due to the intensive compaction, which also results in drying of the site-specific base material moistened upon mixing, marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or clay Mixed forms, not or hardly together and thus does not or hardly fades. On the one hand, this scaffold increases the compressive strength of the prepared specific mass, while on the other hand it reduces its shrinkage to a very small, negligible value.
    This also applies if there is no introduction of leaning and / or fillers into the site-specific mass of marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or its mixed forms, which is specifically treated according to the invention. The fade reducing agents, preferably the vegetable oils, preferably sunflower oil and / or safflower oil, essentially support this process.
    After the preferably intensive densification, in turn, the specific mass processed in this way preferably rest before this ruptured, conditioned, specific mass of the final, preferably dog-shaped and / or mechanical, shaping and / or further processing into various specific specimens.
    POSSIBLE 14 • · «« «· • ♦ · · · · · · · * *» »# * 9 9 9% 9 9 & 9. 0.42012 9 · · zifischen moisture-resistant and frost-resistant products and / or intermediates and / or end products is supplied. The scope of application and / or use is far-reaching.
    Thus, the composition of the invention specifically prepared, inter alia, preferably both to specific moisture-resistant and frost-resistant solid moldings and / or building materials, and to ramming and / or pouring and / or pouring and / or pumping materials, and / or to mortar, preferably to moisture and frost-resistant plaster and / or masonry mortar, preferably also processed into commodities and / or pottery, and fed to many other water and frost resistant applications.
    Immediately after the specific further processing and / or shaping, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, preferably the masses processed into shaped bodies are preferably smoothed. The inventive preferred smoothing of the moist surface of the moldings, preferably the pore closure by smoothing, is particularly preferably carried out by using a smoothing trowel and / or a slicer prior to the various specific moisture-resistant and frost-resistant products and / or intermediates and / or end products, preferably the last Processing phase, the drying, to be subjected.
    applications
    The inventor and applicant has set itself the task, in one and / or more inventive preferred embodiment (s), for the first time preferably using only Ecological and / or economic and / or organic and / or inorganic substances, the problem-free - also biology-use and / or recycling make it possible to prepare materials such as marl and / or loam and / or clay and / or their mixed forms in such a way that preferably
    FOLLOW-UP 15:: · Η.: Clay and / or clay and / or their mixed forms even after days of washing (storage in water) has / have water resistance and / or after immediately following days of wet and / or dry freezing frost resistance, has / have.
    The object of the inventor and applicant by the preferred embodiment of erfindungsgem preferred hand and / or machine treatment of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed forms, preferably by the erfindungsmäßig specific comminution in preferably dry state, preferably more specific Incorporation of hydropobating and shrinkage reducing substances and by the preferably intensive homogenization and / or pressure-forced compression, solved.
    The hydrophobic substances and / or shrinkage reducing substances used by the inventor and applicant are preferably organic and / or inorganic substances, preferably organic substances, preferably lipids, preferably oils, preferably vegetable oils. For example, according to the invention vegetable oils, preferably selected from the group of sunflower oil and / or thistle oil and / or soybean oil and / or olive oil and / or rapeseed oil and / or palm oil and / or peanut oil and / or rapeseed oil and / or cottonseed oil and / or linseed oil used become.
    The inventor and applicant preferably uses sunflower oil and / or safflower oil. These preferred substances are particularly ecological and economical. They are also readily biodegradable. In particular, the inventor and applicant prefers vegetable oils which are liquid at temperatures greater than 0 ° C and also ensure sufficient efficacy at low temperatures. The inventor and applicant prefer oils, in particular vegetable oils, to fats, which are mostly of animal origin. Particularly preferred by the inventor and FOLLOW-UP | 16
    »··« * «• · ♦ *: $ * Ε £ ϊ.ί) 420ΐ2 *» · · ·
    Applicants are, because of their particular applicability as hydrophobing agents and / or shrinkage reducing agents, the vegetable oils, preferably sunflower oil and / or thistle oil.
    In addition to the organic water repellents and / or shrinkage reducing agents, the inventors and applicants preferably use inorganic substances, preferably substances from oil carrier rocks, preferably oil shale and / or oil sands and / or preferably trass, preferably also in combination with vegetable oils. Another remedy is blood.
    Specimen preparations
    The particularly preferred embodiments according to the invention for the sample preparations were carried out manually and are also set forth below. The quantities given are preferred guidelines, which can be modified accordingly. The substances and / or substances can also be varied and / or modified and / or combined accordingly in terms of quantity and / or species and / or incorporation.
    As is apparent from the preferred embodiments and / or embodiments of the present invention, the inventor and applicant has preferred from the raw material - 100g preferably pulverized site-specific marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed forms - preferably with a hydrophobing and shrinkage reducing substance , preferably with and / or without addition of fillers and / or leaning materials, test specimens with the dimensions 5.5 × 5.5 × 2.5 cm and a volume of 75.63 cm 3.
    In the preferred sample preparations of the inventor and applicant came to 100 g of site-specific preferably dry, crushed, preferably pulverized marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed forms with a preferred particle size of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably sunflower oil and / or safflower oil, preferably in an amount of 17.71 g
    POSSIBLE 17 • :::: 1 i | * Ef <i * f> 420i2 «· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 34.79 g, preferably for hydrophobing and shrinkage reduction, and Water, preferably in an amount of 19.80 g to 34.70 g, to obtain the mouldable mass, and preferably natural fibers, preferably hemp fibers, preferably comminuted, preferably in an amount of 0.5 g to 1.0 g dry weight ( 6.05 g to 9.50 g of oil), or wood fibers, preferably comminuted, preferably in an amount of 2.0 g to 5.0 g dry weight (16.12 g to 45.90 g oiled), or reed, preferably comminuted, preferably in an amount of 1.0 g to 2.0 g dry weight (5.22 g to 8.52 g oiled) and / or corresponding preferably specific quantitative and material modifications of the substances and / or substances listed, for use ,
    Starting material for the following test specimens is 100 g of site-specific, preferably dry, comminuted, preferably pulverized marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed form. Grain size from 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm.
    Specimen 1 - o h e e filler and / or leaning material
    In the preferred inventive exemplary embodiment test specimen 1, this object was achieved by the inventor and applicant by the preparation according to the invention, which preferably contains 19.78 g sunflower oil and / or thistle oil and preferably 22.89 g water as hydrophobing and shrinkage-reducing substance, preferably without addition of a leaning agent and / or filler, dissolved.
    Sample 2 - with hemp fibers as filler and / or leaning material
    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention test specimen 2, this object was achieved by the inventor and applicant by the preparation according to the invention, which preferably contains 26.91 g sunflower oil and / or thistle oil as hydrophobing and shrinkage reducing substance, and 1.0 g dry or preferably 9 as leaning agent and filler. 5 g already with sun-
    FOLLOW-UP 18 5, # ίΓ ::.:. Γ: Ι »^. Ί) 420ΐ2 ## ··· ♦ · · · ι · · · · · · · · · · · · flower oil and / or thistle oil oiled hemp fibers, preferred fiber length from 0.5 cm to 2.0 cm and preferably contains 22.49 g of water dissolved.
    Sample 3 - with wood fibers as filler and / or leaning material
    In the preferred embodiment according to the invention sample 3, this task by the inventor and applicant by the inventive preparation, which preferably contains 18.61 g of sunflower oil and / or safflower oil as hydrophobing and Schwundreduzierende substance, and as a leaning material and filler 5.0 g dry or preferably 45.9 g already oiled with sunflower oil and / or thistle oil, preferred fiber length of 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm and preferably 23.79 g of water dissolved.
    Test specimen 4 - with reeds as filler and / or leaning material
    In the preferred embodiment according to the invention sample 4, this task by the inventor and applicant by the inventive preparation, which preferably contains 21.84 g of sunflower oil and / or safflower oil as hydrophobing and shrinkage reducing substance, and as a leaning material and filler 2.0 g dry or preferably 8.52 g oil already reeled with sunflower oil and / or thistle oil, Schilflänge of preferably 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm and preferably 24.70 g of water dissolved.
    In the first inventive execution step test piece 1, the comminuted, preferably pulverized marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or their mixed form, preferably with a particle size of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably hydrophobic, preferably oiled, preferably continuously carefully sprayed with sunflower oil and blended and preferably stirred carefully until the particles have the preferred specifically desired hydrophobing. It was / should be taken care that there is no "over hydrophobicization". comes.
    FOLLOW-UP 19 ··············································
    In a further inventive step after careful rest in the oiled mass carefully water, preferably in atomized form, preferably under constant mixing, preferably with constant stirring introduced. It was / is important to ensure that it is preferable neither to an "underwater", nor to an "overhydration". comes.
    The so far prepared homogenized mass was preferably fed to the notches. After the subsequent rest, the mass prepared according to the invention was preferably intensively precompressed and / or compressed, preferably intensively kneaded and / or intensively beaten in the further inventive step of the execution. It was preferably followed by another click and preferably a repetition of the last processing step of the intensive compacting and / or intensive Komprimier-ens.
    According to the erfindungsmäßig preferred new latches of the mass shaping was preferably carried out by strong pressure-forced compression, preferably by strong pressure-forcing pressing. In the further execution step according to the invention, the smoothing of the moist surface (s) took place. The subsequent drying was preferably carried out by air drying, whereby the industrial drying and / or other types of drying can be used / can.
    Humidity is an important parameter for numerous technical and meteorological processes as well as for health and comfort. To regulate them is one of the special properties of untreated Mergels, clay and clay and their mixed forms.
    It has also been the goal of the inventor and applicant, despite achieving the specific inventive water resistance and frost resistance, to maintain the moisture absorption capacity of the hydrophobicized masses and bodies he has created.
    FOLLOW: fffi & 042O12 20 • ♦ · ♦ · · · · · · · · · · · ♦ «♦ ·« ·· ♦
    The technical term "water absorbency &quot; plays an important role in standards and technical regulations for building materials. The water absorption is the delivered component in% or g, e.g. contains a long time in water sample after complete drying no longer contains.
    In order to verify the specific diffusive behavior of the water- and frost-resistant specimens according to the invention, the inventor and applicant subjected them to no ordinary humidification or ordinary humidification, but rather to prolonged repeated sample watering and water absorption by weighing the dry specimens before washing the watering and after the subsequent drying and again after rewashing and after re-drying of the specific specimens determined.
    The following formula was used to determine the water absorption in percent: W = water absorption in% mq = mass of the swollen sample me = mass of the dried sample mq - me W = 100 × --------------- me
    The percent water uptake method was used to determine the diffusibility and / or water absorption after washing of the following four listed here and of the three specimens not provided here by the present inventor and applicant.
    After 12 hours of washing, after 9 hours of drying at + -100 ° C and another 12 hours of washing and after further
    REPLACEMENT 21 ·················································· For 9 hours drying at + - 100 ° C, the specimens show the following water absorption:
    Sample 1, without fillers and / or leaning materials, has a water uptake of 19.104%, 119.33-100.19 W-10000 --------------------- 19.104 % 100,19
    Sample 2, with the filling and / or leaning material hemp fibers, has a water absorption of 17.658%, 122.00 - 103.69 W = 100 × -------------------- 17.658% 103.69
    Specimen 3 - with the filling and / or leaning material wood fibers, has a water absorption of 14.955%, 128.83 - 112.07 W - 10000 -------------------- 14.955% 112.07
    Sample 4 - with the filling and / or leaning material reeds, has a water absorption of 16.382%. 116.65 - 100.23 W = 100x --------------------- 16.382% 100.23
    The result of the water absorption determination shows that despite the achieved in accordance with the invention specific water resistance and frost resistance, the preferred diffusibility and / or
    SUBSEQUENT
    Water absorbency of all inventively prepared dried test specimens is retained.
    The preferred erfindungsmäßig specific embodiments have an average water absorption, based on the test specimens according to the invention 1,2,3,4, and further 3 similar, not listed here, but with up to half lower filler and / or Vermagerstoffbeimengung equipped, the preferred Basically the same preparation and the same water absorption test subject sample, is 17.772%.
    SUBSEQUENT
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [1]
    23: ::: * Efi *) 420i2 ···· ····· ··· ·························································································································································································································································································· Clay and / or mixed forms thereof, characterized in that marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, preferably comminuted, with one or more hydrophobic substance (s), and / or with one or more organic and / or inorganic substance (s), added to this mixture and water is added to obtain the mouldable mass.
    [2]
    2. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to claim 1, characterized in that as starting material geweuterter marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or Mixed forms thereof are used which / which has preferably been subjected to a mechanical and / or chemical and / or biological activation and preferably comminuted in dried and / or slightly humid form, preferably crushed and / or rolled, and / or grated , and / or finely rolled, and / or finely ground and / or more preferably pulverized.
    [3]
    3. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that in the crushed mass hydrophobic substances, preferably from the group the organic substances, preferably the lipids, preferably the oils and / or fats and / or waxes and / or whey and / or caseins and / or varnishes, preferably the vegetable oils, particularly preferably sunflower oil and / or thistle oil, are introduced. FOLLOW-UP [24: ": taK.S> 420i2 * * * *» ···· ··· · · · «· ·
    [4]
    4. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the comminuted mass hydrophobic substances, preferably from the group the inorganic substances, preferably the mineral fats, preferably paraffins and / or mineral oils, preferably from peat and / or wood; preferably substances from oil carrier rocks, preferably oil shale and / or oil sands, and / or trass are introduced.
    [5]
    5. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid hydrophobic substances, preferably finely atomized, and the solid hydrophobic substances, preferably highly comminuted, are introduced.
    [6]
    6. A processed dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the comminuted hydrophobicized mass one and / or more organic and / or inorganic substance (s), is / are added.
    [7]
    7. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that preferably fillers and / or leaning materials from the group of organic Substances, preferably one or more substance (s) such as hair and / or bristles and / or fibers, preferred hemp fibers 25 25 • · · 41 ♦: · HE K », ¢ 42012 * · · · · ···· and / or fine wood fibers and / or fine wood chips and / or reeds is / are added.
    [8]
    8. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that preferably fillers and / or leaning materials from the group of inorganic Substances, preferably one or more substance (s) such as sand and / or pumice stone and / or bricks and / or burnt brick dust and / or burnt brick dust is / are added.
    [9]
    9. Processed dried unburned, diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrophobicized mass comprises the organic and / or inorganic substances, preferably comminuted and preferably already hydrophobic, preferably oiled, are added.
    [10]
    10. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrophobic mass added no organic and / or inorganic substance becomes.
    [11]
    11. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a hydraulic binder and / or a plurality of hydraulic binders, preferably Ash, is / are added. ADOPTED 26 26 • ft «t · • * I · · · · · · · · · ft ft ··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··································································.
    [12]
    12. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that no hydraulic binder, preferably no ash, is added.
    [13]
    13. Processed dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that an inorganic additive, such as silica and / or soda, is added.
    [14]
    14. Processed dried unburned, diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that no inorganic additive, such as silica and / or soda, is added.
    [15]
    15. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that preferably after addition of the hydrophobic agent and / or the hydrophobic Agent, and / or the organic and / or inorganic substances, the specific addition of water, preferably finely atomized occurs.
    [16]
    16. A processed dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the inputs of the various substances into the mass, 127 Hgfc: 0! 4 ^ di2 M · * ··· · preferably with constant mixing and / or constant stirring.
    [17]
    17. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof, according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that in the course of the treatment is preferably a repeated homogenization and / or densification ,
    [18]
    18. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in the course of the preparation process of the mass according to the particular preference Addition and / or introduction and / or mixing of the substance (s), preferably the rest of the mass takes place.
    [19]
    19. A processed dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the shaping preferably by manual and / or mechanical shaping, preferably by pressing takes place.
    [20]
    20. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to claim 1 to 19, characterized in that immediately after shaping, preferably in the wet state, preferably smoothing the surface takes place.
    [21]
    21. Processed dried unfired diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant mouldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized in that after the shaping and the smoothing of the surface preferably drying, preferably by air drying and / or by technical drying, takes place.
    [22]
    22. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to claims 1 to 21, characterized in that preferably only a hydrophobing and preferably shrinkage reducing substance, particularly preferably sunflower oil and / or thistle oil is added.
    [23]
    23. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the treatment is preferably carried out manually and / or by machine.
    [24]
    24. Prepared dried unburned diffusible water-resistant and frost-resistant moldable mass of marl and / or clay and / or clay and / or mixed forms thereof, according to claims 1 to 23, characterized in that this specific moisture-resistant and frost-resistant solid moldings and / or specific moisture-resistant and frost-resistant tamping, pouring, pouring and pumping materials and for the production of masonry mortar and / or plaster mortar and / or building materials and / or building elements and / or hybrid building materials, for hybrid construction elements, preferably for bricks, brick elements, roof tiles, Floor tiles, floor tiles for indoor and outdoor use, brick-like prefabricated parts, for rammed earth walls and / or rammed earth elements, ceiling elements, ceiling cladding elements for indoor and outdoor use, wall cladding elements for indoor and outdoor use, for bulk materials, for insulation, for Moisture barriers, preferred for buildings and for water management devices, FOLLOW-UP 29

    • · φ φ 1J * UL • φφφφ # φ φ φ Φ • φ * ΦΦ HE «: 0.42012 φ φφ φφφφφ φ φ φ φ * for furnishings, preferably for home furnishings for the spa sector, for everyday objects, preferably for everyday objects for indoor and outdoor use, preferably also used as a substitute for fired pottery and ceramic goods, for decorative objects, for works of art and / or for such, and / or for the like and / or for other types. SUBSEQUENT
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2013155542A3|2013-12-12|
    EP2874969A2|2015-05-27|
    AT512883B1|2017-09-15|
    WO2013155542A2|2013-10-24|
    引用文献:
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    EP0632101A1|1993-06-24|1995-01-04|Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH|Process for the preparation of extrudates from regenerable raw materials|
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    DE19846744A1|1997-10-14|1999-04-22|Stephan Schmidt Kg|Surface modification of a clay mineral mixture using heat generated by milling, useful in building materials, thermoplastics, putty, sealant and bitumen|
    DE19905131A1|1999-02-02|2000-08-10|Teraform Naturbaustoffe Beteil|Building material, especially for building elements or for mortars and plasters, is based on mechanically activated fine silicate-containing material particles|
    WO2000046163A1|1999-02-02|2000-08-10|Hofbauer, Lothar|Building material, method for producing a building material and structural member|
    DE202004010559U1|2004-07-05|2005-11-17|Goldmann, Volker|Building material composition based on loam and/or clay, useful for surface coating of walls and/or ceilings, comprises a natural resin, sand, wax, chalk, pigments, cellulose, bees wax, dolomite and/or talcum|
    EP1674435A1|2004-12-22|2006-06-28|Pavatex SA|Clay board comprising wood and method for preparation of said board|
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    AT7848B|1891-07-09|1902-06-10|Actiengesellschaft Fuer Pat Ko|Process for the production of cork stones.|
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    CZ302139B6|2008-10-23|2010-11-10|Claylab S.R.O.|Unfired clay stabilized with polymers|HU230624B1|2013-10-29|2017-04-28|Molnarbeton Betongyarto Es Kereskedelmi Kft|Method for producing cellulose - based concrete products with reduced hydration and the use of said concrete product|
    AP2016009575A0|2014-05-13|2016-11-30|Criaterra Innovations Ltd|A mixture, a process and a mold for manufacturing recyclable and degradable articles|
    WO2021136950A1|2019-12-30|2021-07-08|Mg Építész Kft.|Process for producing unfired masonry blocks and such masonry blocks|
    EP3845506A1|2019-12-30|2021-07-07|MG Építész Kft.|Process for producing unfired masonry blocks and such masonry blocks|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA467/2012A|AT512883B1|2012-04-18|2012-04-18|Dried, unfired, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant, economical, ecological marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof|ATA467/2012A| AT512883B1|2012-04-18|2012-04-18|Dried, unfired, diffusible, water-resistant and frost-resistant, economical, ecological marl and / or clay and / or loam and / or mixed forms thereof|
    PCT/AT2013/000076| WO2013155542A2|2012-04-18|2013-04-18|Dried, unfired material from at least one silicate-containing base material and a water-repelling agent, and method for producing same|
    EP13728092.1A| EP2874969A2|2012-04-18|2013-04-18|Dried, unfired material from at least one silicate-containing base material and a water-repelling agent, and method for producing same|
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